Seeds not sprouting can be a real headscratcher for many — even experienced gardeners! It’s easy to pin the blame on the seed packet, but the real problem might lie elsewhere. Today, let's go through the common causes and how you can troubleshoot these issues ASAP.
7 Reasons For Seeds Not Sprouting (And What You Can Do To Fix Them)
1. Soil Temperature: Might Be Too Cold or Too Hot
It might not seem like it, but your soil's temperature may affect your seeds' emergence rate and growth. Too cold, and the seeds might stay dormant. Too hot, and the seeds might die before they can sprout.
Check the packet for instructions on the optimal soil temps for your seeds, and use a soil thermometer to ensure you’re planting in the right conditions. You can use a heat mat to maintain a warm temperature.
2. Planting Depth Problems: Might Be Too Deep or Too Shallow
An overlooked factor in determining sprouting success is planting depth, which could ensure good moisture availability, particularly in dry conditions.
If you plant the seeds too deep, they might not be able to break through the soil surface. If you plant them in shallow areas, they might dry out or be exposed to pests or insects.
The rule of thumb to remember here is to plant seeds at a depth twice or thrice their width.
3. Moisture Levels and Oxygen Issues
Too little or too much of them in the growing medium can become problematic.
Overwatering risks cutting off the seeds’ oxygen supply, causing them to rot, and saturating the soil. Underwatering, meanwhile, may cause the seeds to dry out.
You can use a spray bottle to mist and keep the soil damp but not soaked. Alternatively, you can invest in a seed germination station or heated propagator, which can help maintain proper moisture and oxygen levels.
4. Problematic Seeds
Sometimes, the problem is in the seed packet, particularly if you get old, damaged, and discolored ones. The viability of vegetable seeds may last for years, depending on their type.
Before planting, check the expiration date on the seed packet. Properly store any that you’re not using. Make sure you buy from reputable seed companies.
5. Added Fertilizers Too Soon
Adding fertilizers too early might hinder the germination process! Seedlings have undeveloped root systems, so they can’t efficiently absorb nutrients yet. The presence of fertilizers may overwhelm the roots, possibly damaging, burning, or killing them.
It’s best to hold off on adding fresh fertilizers until the young seedlings have begun sprouting their true leaves (about 4 to 6) and are about 2 inches tall.
6. Fungal Diseases, Infections and Pests
It may also be because you’re dealing with fungal diseases or infections, such as fusarium (on tomatoes), damping off, or pythium, which can wipe out seedlings. To troubleshoot this issue, make sure your seedlings have good airflow and proper moisture levels.
Insects and critters like mice might also be culprits. These pests could feast on your seeds even before they have a chance to germinate. Use physical barriers like row or tray covers or food-grade diatomaceous earth to deter pests.
7. They Just Need More Time
Lastly, consider that different plant varieties have different germination rates, ranging from days to weeks. Some might be slow sprouters. Check your seed packet for the expected timeframe, and don’t give up; patience is simply part of the gardening journey!
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